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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lebedew-Prozess</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Der <b>Lebedew-Prozess</b> ist ein von <a href="Sergei_Wassiljewitsch_Lebedew" title="Sergei Wassiljewitsch Lebedew">Sergei Wassiljewitsch Lebedew</a> entwickelter und 1930 in <a href="England" title="England">England</a> und <a href="Frankreich" title="Frankreich">Frankreich</a> patentierter Prozess zur Herstellung von <a href="1%2C3-Butadien" title="1,3-Butadien">1,3-Butadien</a> durch Dehydrodimerisierung von <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Als <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatoren</a> dienen reine oder gemischte <a href="Metalloxide" title="Metalloxide">Metalloxide</a> wie MgO-SiO<sub>2</sub> oder Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>. Die Oxide von <a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a>, <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a>, <a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Eisen</a> oder <a href="Zirkonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirkonium">Zirkonium</a> können zum Beispiel durch <a href="F%C3%A4llungsreaktion" title="Fällungsreaktion">Fällungsreaktion</a>, etwa durch Zugabe von <a href="Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">Ammoniak</a> oder <a href="Ammoniumcarbonat" title="Ammoniumcarbonat">Ammoniumcarbonat</a> zu einer Lösung des entsprechenden <a href="Nitrate" title="Nitrate">Nitrats</a>, erhalten werden. Nach Formgebung und Calzinierung weisen diese eine gute katalytische Aktivität auf.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Prozess wird bei Temperaturen um 380 bis 500 °C durchgeführt.
</p><p>Die Dehydrierung des Ethanols zum <a href="Acetaldehyd" title="Acetaldehyd">Acetaldehyd</a> gilt als erster Schritt des Reaktionsmechanismus.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}OH\to \ CH_{3}CHO+H_{2}} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}OH\to \ CH_{3}CHO+H_{2}} }</annotation>
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<p>Das Acetaldehyd dimerisiert dann zum <a href="Crotonaldehyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotonaldehyd">Crotonaldehyd</a> unter Freisetzung von Wasser:
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ CH_{3}CHO\to CH_{3}CHCHCHO+H_{2}O} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ CH_{3}CHO\to CH_{3}CHCHCHO+H_{2}O} }</annotation>
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<p>Ethanol reagiert dann mit dem Crotonaldehyd unter Bildung von 1,3-Butadien, Acetaldehyd und Wasser.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{2}H_{5}OH+CH_{3}CHCHCHO\to CH_{2}CHCHCH_{2}+CH_{3}CHO+H_{2}O} }">
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<p>Der Prozess hat zurzeit keine großtechnische Bedeutung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="Boy_Cornils" title="Boy Cornils">Boy Cornils</a>, <a href="Wolfgang_A._Herrmann" title="Wolfgang A. Herrmann">Wolfgang A. Herrmann</a>, Chi-Huey Wong, Horst -Werner Zanthoff: <i>Catalysis from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia</i>. Verlag Wiley-VCH, 2012, ISBN 3-527-33307-X, S. 337.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. K. Bhattacharyya, N. D. Ganguly: <i>One-step catalytic conversion of ethanol to butadiene in the fixed bed. I. Single-oxide catalysts.</i> In: <i>Journal of Applied Chemistry.</i> 12, 1962, S. 97–104, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010120301">10.1002/jctb.5010120301</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. J. Toussaint, J. T. Dunn, D. R. Jackson: <i>Production of Butadiene from Alcohol.</i> In: <i>Industrial & Engineering Chemistry.</i> 39, 1947, S. 120–125, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50446a010">10.1021/ie50446a010</a></span>.</span>
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